Entering Overseas Markets The export potential of a business should be considered both in terms of its readiness to trade abroad and the suitability of its products and services for overseas consumption. Market research is vital to identify and evaluate the target market. The business should have a marketing strategy, financial resources and the required personnel. The exporter must have […]
Sale Contract It is essential that there is a clear written contract between buyer and seller, specifying what has to be delivered and the terms of sale. This is especially important in the international sale of goods. The contract should cover payment, including the currency of payment, due date and place of payment. The contract should provide for a method […]
Customs Union and Single Market The European Economic Community and the European Union into which it evolved, is a customs union. There are no custom duties on good passing between European Union Member States. Custom duties arise when goods are imported into the European Union or when they are released into free circulation from a customs control process. In 1993, […]
Transportation of Goods The best option for the transport of goods on export will depend on the destination and on the type of goods concerned. The following options may be available: air freight; carriage by sea; roll on roll off ferry transport / transport by road; consolidation of consignments by a freight forwarder; express courier. The Irish International Freight Association […]
Bill of Lading A bill of lading is a multi-function document, commonly used in international maritime trade. It acts as a receipt for the goods by the carrier. It usually sets out the terms of carriage. It may incorporate the terms of the charter party (the lease) of the ship which carries the goods. It usually constitutes title to the […]
Aviation In aviation, there is no direct equivalent of the bill of lading. In air transport, the contract of carriage may be made by either the buyer or seller. Many terms of the international carriage of goods by air, are fixed by the Warsaw Convention. The Convention has the force of law in most states, including Ireland. It has been […]